Implant-Supported Overdentures: To increase the stability of a lower or upper denture, it's possible for it to be securely anchored using two or more dental implants. The upper jaw requires more implants (generally three or more) than the lower jaw due to a lesser bone density. Many people find this option offers a great balance of comfort, functionality and value.
Since then, the affiliated network of Affordable Dentures & Implants affiliated practices has steadily grown from coast to coast - delivering "A Smile For Everyone" through consistent, knowledgeable care in extractions, dentures and implants at competitive prices. We continue to support people in need of dental treatment through Mission of Mercy events and other charitable efforts.

As one of the oldest and most established dental support organizations in the United States, Affordable Care, provides 360° business support services to affiliated Affordable Dentures & Implants practices and their on-site Affordable Dentures Dental Laboratories. Affiliated AD&I owners oversee all clinical decision-making in their practices, but they also rely on Affordable Care staff to deliver nonclinical services that help drive down costs—savings we can pass along to patients nationwide.


Tooth extraction and restoration: If tooth decay or gum disease is so severe that a tooth can't be saved, it will need to be extracted. Your dentist will examine the remaining teeth in your mouth and determine if they should be removed or restored with tooth-colored fillings, inlays, onlays, or dental crowns. After the teeth have been extracted, the gums need at least two to three months to heal before an implant can be placed or an impression taken.
Partial dentures take up more space in the mouth than your normal teeth. Because of this, there is an adjustment period of time where you may notice difficulty in pronouncing certain words or talking in general. As dentures get re-adjusted and re-fitted, you may notice a difference in pronunciation and will have to make minor speech adjustments again.
well it's been over a year now. and iam still a very happy smiling!! patient of dr. atari. affordable dentures & implants. i have refferd several people. each person that has gone can't thank aaffordable dentures/implants or dr .atari and the wonderful staff !!!enough. and me too. for recommending , referring ,them. the best and great for your wallet as well..should be 10 stars !and the ladys at the front are also 10 stars! without them what would they do ? we do ???? thank you again. so much for my beautiful beautiful smile and giving me the ability to smile big and beautiful again.. sincerely toni barajas.
High-end dentures usually involve a great measure of dental artistry and utilize materials which simulate the natural look and color of teeth and gums to the highest degree possible. The teeth, normally made from composite acrylic resins, are designed to last a long time and often include a warranty against wear and tear, such as chipping and cracking. These life-like dentures can cost anywhere from $1,000 to $5,000 for a full set (upper and lower jaw).

Our office is independently owned and operated, but we have the resources of a national network of implant and denture providers. With our on-site lab, we’re able to deliver same-day results in many cases. We strive to maintain lower rates by avoiding off-site lab needs and relying on our own highly trained technicians. Financing is available for qualified borrowers, and we do accept some insurance plans. If we’re not in your network, then we can provide you with a walk-out statement so you can expedite your own claim.
You should see your dentist 24 hours after delivery of your new dentures. It is not unusual to experience some initial discomfort. Minor adjustments can increase comfort and eliminate problems before they become more serious. Initially, a new denture may feel unusual in the mouth. The cheeks, lips, and tongue are very sensitive areas that require time to adjust. It is not uncommon to bite one’s cheek or tongue while acclimating to the new restoration. However, persistent soreness or irritation should be reported to your dentist.
In either case, as you are making the decision between dentures versus bridges, it is very important to speak with your dental professional. Contact Arkansas Family Dental if you have questions about dentures or bridges. You can also schedule an appointment with either Dr. Nichols or Dr. Mascagni for help deciding between your tooth replacement options.
The investigation underlined the importance of giving the patient information regarding the limitations of full dentures and information to facilitate the patient's adaptation to the new denture, advice on diet, including difficulties liable to be encountered in the use of an adequate allround diet. The investigation also showed the necessity of re-examination at regular intervals, as the patients were often unaware of changes impairing the function of their dentures. About 25% reported symptoms of functional disorders of the masticatory system. This together with other recent results underline the importance of including a functional analysis of the masticatory system in the examination and diagnosis of patients with complete dentures.
I will ask to see the dentist when I return and tell him that if the permanent denture is not going to be formed with any more care than this, I want the remainder of my money back and I will go elsewhere. Even for an "affordable denture" the quality of this temporary is not worth the mouth pain and I will never be able to wear it for 6mo to 1yr while I wait for the permanent one. If you can afford better, then please do, as you will not be happy with the poor quality results.
After six months you receive the final denture, which locks into place, making it a long-lasting smile solution that will restore not just your smile, but a higher quality of life. From there, you’ll worry no more about smiling, eating or speaking, meaning you can focus on simply maintaining good oral hygiene to ensure the dentures last for many years to come.
Patients that want a more stable and comfortable denture alternative may be interested in talking to their dentists about dental implants and dental bridges. Although both of these treatments tend to be more expensive than dentures, they generally offer a more precise fit and better chewing ability than dentures. Patients can also have a tooth-colored ceramic or porcelain bridge or implant restoration placed for a more natural looking appearance.
So I wound up with my partial getting a tooth put in it as I thought they would pull my tooth but when the doctor's fax came, it still was not good enough for them. I believe that he just did not want to service me by pulling my tooth. I have a partial I cannot wear because the tooth put in there it will not fit in my mouth. I have to say that never in my life and I'm 59 now, have I ever been treated so badly by a doctor. The way he spoke to me in front of everyone in the office and people in the waiting room. I was so taken off guard by that.
I went back a few months later, in excruciating pain. The front office girl, Renee, proceeded to tell me "the mouth exaggerates" and asked if I had a regular dentist. The reason for my visit was related to my dentures and Dr. ** advertises as a general dentist. Renee then went on to say I need to wear my denture sparingly... so while I'm at work and no one is in my office I should remove them. What??!! Is this normal?? Trina did a liner that looked like donkey teeth. Thanks, Trina. Took them out as soon as I got home.
I'm 41 and have needed dentures because of illness for a few years now. I researched and looked at reviews for many different places, but I am so glad I picked Dr. Redditt and his staff to guide me through this emotional journey and process. First off I have been petrified of dentists since I was a little girl, due to a horrible incident, so I of course let the office aware of that and they were very accommodating. Secondly I suffer from a severe & chronic anxiety disorder, so these guys really had their work cut out with me to say the least. Step by step from making my first appointment on the phone, & then for my consultation I was treated very kindly. They explained things very thoroughly to me, and addressed every worry & question I had & there was of course a lot of those coming from me, lol. Day of surgery & I have 25 teeth extracted & a lower bone grafting done, with only novocain and I can tell you that it was made so comfortable & relaxing for me. With my girls guiding me with support through the door & all the way to the room & then Dr. Redditt's calming demeanor, it was the least painful & pleasantly surprising process I have ever experienced. Nothing like the scary things I was thinking in my head. He would joke with me & my husband throughout, and he always told me what his next step was, which I totally appreciated. We were humming along to the music & although I had a couple of stubborn teeth, I felt absolutely no pain or discomfort whatsoever, not even after! No bruising, barely any swelling, I mean nothing horrible or intolerable at all so I know he is a wonderful dentist. He was just awesome! I am now in the second phase and I have gotten to be buddies with pretty much the entire staff there. Them girls & Dr. Redditt spoil me rotten & take care of every complaint I have had. I also have had 2 emergencies, first one I broke my bottom denture & they had me come in & had a new one ready for me the next day! Second time I was camping & coming home for 2 days only to go back on vacation, & was the victim of theft which somebody had stolen my bag & yup got my top denture... needless to say Dr. Redditt & my girls had me come in & that same day I went home with a brand new replacement. I can't say enough good things about this place & all of the wonderful people who work here. I will say that this whole process is a long journey, sometimes good & sometimes bad of course, and without this dedicated group of women & such a caring Doctor like him, I would be lost and probably very depressed. They have literally made me smile again, and I have beautiful teeth now! They will go above and beyond to help you & give you what you want, and I am extremely grateful to have found them. If you are starting this journey or maybd you just need a second opinion or have questions, undoubtedly you will be in great hands here. Thanks so much to Dr. Redditt & his incredible staff, (especially my "Wonder Women" from the front desk & all the way to the back) you all have changed my life so much for the better, and I am extremely grateful.

In addition to health risks, not receiving partial dentures when you need them can lead to a lack of confidence. Many people become ashamed of their smiles once they lose teeth, and they never want to laugh or express joy or happiness. When you smile, you appear friendlier, more confident, and more successful. You can gain back your healthy self-esteem by visiting to receive realistic-looking dentures that look natural and will feel natural with time, too.
My teeth are never secure and have to reapply adhesive several times a day. Is this normal?? Think I'll find somewhere else for my lowers... get what you pay for. I was having severe pain in some of my lower teeth on that last visit, also. I asked for a Rx for antibiotics but Renee told me I did not need them. I now have an abscess and look like a squirrel. Thanks, Renee!! By the way, Renee, the mouth does NOT exaggerate!! Thanks for your great patient care!!!
It is often necessary to pull any remaining damaged teeth before getting dentures. Tooth extraction typically costs $75-$450 per tooth for a simple extraction and $150-$650 or more per tooth for a surgical extraction. Depending on the number of teeth to be pulled, the total cost of getting dentures can be $1,500-$20,000 or more for a full set (uppers and lowers). CostHelper readers report paying $2,000-$18,000 for a full set of removable dentures including tooth extractions and other preparation work, at an average cost of $9,063.
Some patients who believe they have 'bad teeth' may consider having all of them extracted and replaced with complete dentures. However, statistics show that most patients who receive this treatment wind up regretting it. This is because complete dentures have only 10% of the chewing power of natural teeth, and it is difficult to get them fitted satisfactorily, particularly in the mandibular arch. Even if a patient retains one tooth there, that one tooth contributes significantly to the stability of the denture. However, retention of just one or two teeth in the upper jaw does not contribute much to the overall stability of a denture, since an upper complete denture tends to be very stable, in contrast to a lower complete denture. It is thus advised that patients keep their natural teeth as long as possible, especially in the case of lower teeth.
You always have a choice when it comes to your health. If you are missing teeth and wondering what your options are, talk to your dentist about Ultaire™ AKP removable partial dentures. Metal partials can be uncomfortable and can wreak havoc on the oral environment. Plus, who wants metal ruining their smile? The shiny metal clasps can be distracting and have been known to cause damage to remaining teeth, and possibly further tooth loss. Now you have another option: Ultaire™ AKP.
Fixed bridges are another tooth replacement option that are typically more durable and a more permanent solution than denture arches. A bridge spans the length of at least three teeth to replace a missing tooth or teeth in between. Bridges are cheaper than dental implants but do not offer all the same benefits when compared to replacing a missing tooth with an implant.

DENTURES DO NOT FIT! DO NOT USE AFFORDABLE! #BOYCOTTAFFORDABLEDENTURES. My father went in for dentures, they are so loose he cannot eat healthy. The first time he went back they put a liner in the uppers to make them tighter, he is using a lot of Poligrip on both the uppers and lowers. He had teeth removed from the bottom and they waited for the gums to heal before measuring for dentures. It has been about 3 months and the dentures, especially the bottom are so loose it hurts him to eat because food gets stuck under the dentures. It is funny because on his first visit the Affordable dentist made fun of how loose his upper dentures were (he has had them for 4 years), they were done by a different dentist. On his first visit he was told by the dentist that the Affordable dentures would fit tight, they don't!

It was our impression from viewing the video that this technique is very dependent on the dentist's skill in performing the needed steps (more so than with conventional construction, primarily due to time constraints needed to accomplish certain steps, and accomplish them the first time, properly, before the denture materials set). So in that regard, likely the dentist who fabricated your mother's denture is due as much credit as the system itself.


An immediate denture can often be made so that the patient has something to wear the same day the teeth are removed. This type of denture is made before the teeth are extracted and is put in place the day the teeth are removed. Sometimes the back teeth are taken out first and the front teeth are left in place until the day the denture is delivered. This type of denture doesn't fit the bone and gum tissue as intimately as a conventional denture, so it requires more adjustments during the healing stage. An immediate denture is best used as a temporary appliance until a conventional denture can be made after all of the gum and bone healing is complete.
Needless to say that I am going to a different dentist. A man who has been in this community for a long time and has a spotless office with people who treat their patients with respect. Charges more, but worth it to be treated right. I have gone to Affordable Dentures for a while because of the pricing but every time I went, new doctor, new office people, but these people at my last time there, they are really nasty. I am also going to contact the board of health because while I was sitting in the dental chair I looked up at the light and it was filthy, nasty with what looked like old spit or blood or whatever it was. It was not clean in my opinion.

Later that afternoon I came back to have 16 teeth extracted. I got to the office and waited about 30 minutes before I was seen. I got to the back and began injections. After this I went to a full blown panic attack and came close to passing out. The one positive is the dentist who was working on me took it in stride. I wasn't treated disrespectfully and after about 30 minutes the panic subsided and she was able to finish my injections and begin pulling teeth.


Custom-made porcelain dentures are crafted to look like your natural teeth (or an improved version of your natural teeth). Great care is taken to design and fabricate a set of teeth that not only look natural, but also complement the size and shape of your mouth. Dentists may first create wax versions of the dentures so patients can try on their new teeth on before the final dentures are made; this process allows for design modifications and fit adjustments that can be applied to the final set of dentures.
Fixed bridges are another tooth replacement option that are typically more durable and a more permanent solution than denture arches. A bridge spans the length of at least three teeth to replace a missing tooth or teeth in between. Bridges are cheaper than dental implants but do not offer all the same benefits when compared to replacing a missing tooth with an implant.
The term oral cancer includes cancer of the mouth (oral cavity) and the back of the mouth (oropharynx). Red and white patches inside the mouth, bleeding, loose teeth, pain upon swallowing, a lump in the neck, earache, and a sore on your lip or in your mouth that won't heal are all symptoms of oral cancer. Treatment for oral cancer depends upon the staging of the disease and usually involves surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
Premium dentures can cost $2,000-$4,000 per plate, or $4,000-$8,000 or more for a set. Dentures in this price range are a personalized fit, use high-end materials to simulate the look of gums and teeth as closely as possible, last a long time and are warranted against chipping and cracking for 5-10 years or longer. Often the price includes several follow-up visits to fine-tune the fit.
I have had to go back a couple times to see Christopher Atari and his team they are so wonderful… I have had to go back a couple times to see Christopher Atari and his team they are so wonderful everyone on his staff make you feel like you're at home not at a dentist I cannot tell you how wonderful they are there are not words out there for this dental office if you need help you must go here everyone there everyone are so so kind and make you feel comfortable and most of all nothing to be ashamed of. I actually can't wait till my next visit he says it about a dentist no one that's how good they are. I thank you all from the bottom of my heart for your kindness and for making me so happy. And my great big smile. I can't quit smiling thank you thank you thank you. Anyone who's reading this this is the place to go. God bless every single one of you sincerely Toni Barajas Read more
Dental Bridges: A dental bridge refers to a single false tooth or span of up to three prosthetic teeth that are attached to adjacent natural teeth with metal and plastic connectors or dental crowns. Bridges help to preserve some of the mouth's structural integrity by leaving as many natural teeth in place as possible. However, patients that are missing the majority of their teeth are typically not good candidates for dental bridges. Good candidates for dental bridges must have healthy gums and some healthy natural teeth that can act as anchors.
Affordable Dentures, Franklin, Indiana, should be closed and prohibited from operating in the state. An investigation of this office and the qualifications of its staff are imperative. When I paid $1990 on my credit card to the assistant named "**"€, I asked for a copy of my file. **'s reply was, "What do you need it for?" I said I have the right to access my medical records. She said, "We don'€™t do that."€ Affordable Dentures willfully violates HIPPA law.
LAKEWOOD, COLORADO -- I needed a full set of dentures and, like most people didn't have almost $30k that I was quoted by one dentist. Found AD& I. My first 2 visits I had with them were favorable. I will say that Dr. Dan ** is phenomenal!!! They initially pulled 4 teeth, then I went back for my full uppers. Dr. ** was very receptive to any pain and would remedy it immediately. His chairside, Trina, was very attentive and compassionate.
There are several types of partial and full dentures. Complete dentures, also called full dentures, may be recommended when all teeth in the upper or lower jaw are missing. There are two options for complete dentures: immediate and conventional. Immediate dentures are made before the patient's teeth are removed and can be inserted as soon as the tooth removal surgery is complete.
First of all the facility is not equipped properly, during service you have to spit into a plastic cup which is completely ridiculous. Secondly, they make you wait 9 months instead of 7 to heal your gum after pulling out original teeth. Final product (ultimate fit) break after 2 months in the mouth while eating pasta. Low quality material!!! Fighting to get our money back. :((
I took my Wife Diane, to Affordable Dentures to have new Dentures Made up! We are Both Disabled, and really need to watch our Income, So we decided to give Affordable a shot since I had gotten my Uppers done there about a year ago, and had no problems what so ever! We picked them up this morning, and she just loves them!! She says they fit great, and they look wonderful!! There Staff, and Dr. Atari are The Best! Their Receptionist, Darb, and Assistant, Allyssia, you just couldn't ask for any Better!! Diane and I just Love them! They are So Courteous, Friendly and Professional I Highly recommend them! 5 Stars all the way across the board Dr. Attari's work? Nothing but Shear Excellence! I Wouldn't Go Anywhere Else! Thank You, Tom and Diane Cianferri
Although dental implant success rates are high, there are cases in which the implant will fail. Most cases of implant failure can be prevented if the patient maintains his or her oral health and chooses a qualified implant dentist to plan and perform the procedure. Dental implants are more likely to fail in the maxilla (upper jaw) than in the mandible (lower jaw). Possible reasons for implant failure include:

If you decide to get a partial denture, you’ll need to visit your dentist to have metal clasps attached to your surrounding teeth and an impression made of the area your partial will fill. The impression will be sent to a dental lab, where a technician will fabricate a custom denture that includes a gum-colored base that will fit securely over your gums. A metal framework will be used to attach your new partial to the clasps on your natural teeth to ensure a secure fit.

Throughout the years, a key driver of our expansion (now more than 230 affiliated practice locations...and counting!) has been Affordable Care, a dental support organization that equips affiliated practice owners to meet their ever-growing patient needs. Affordable Care provides lab and business services through a nationwide network of on-site Affordable Dentures Dental Laboratories (ADDL) and extensive nonclinical support.
When you see these low costs advertised, it is almost always a "bait and switch." With dentures, you get about what you pay for, but rarely would you find even average quality for $399-$599 and that is for each, not both. Since well-fitting dentures are essential for good health, to say nothing of cosmetics, one should not consider price alone. Low cost dentures use cheap and "soft" teeth that wear rapidly and look fake, while higher quality teeth last for many years. The pink denture base made of cheap material discolors, breaks easily and usually fits poorly. I would advise that, as with hand grenades and parachutes, don't always look for the lowest cost.
Generally speaking partial dentures tend to be held in place by the presence of the remaining natural teeth and complete dentures tend to rely on muscular co-ordination and limited suction to stay in place. The maxilla very commonly has more favorable denture bearing anatomy as the ridge tends to be well formed and there is a larger area on the palate for suction to retain the denture. Conversely, the mandible tends to make lower dentures much less retentive due to the displacing presence of the tongue and the higher rate of resorption, frequently leading to significantly resorbed lower ridges. Disto-lingual regions tend to offer retention even in highly resorbed mandibles, and extension of the flange into these regions tends to produce a more retentive lower denture. An implant supported lower denture is another option for improving retention.
Olalekan Okunuga, DDS, FICOI, FAAIP, is a general dentist and the practice owner of this South Hill location. He earned his Doctor of Dental Surgery degree at University of Pacific in San Francisco and completed his post-graduate residency at Howard University Hospital in Washington, D.C.  Based on many years of valuable dental experience, Dr. Okunuga and his staff are proud to offer professional, compassionate care to patients that visit this practice.
Most partial dentures contain a thin metal framework that is designed to rest close to your gums and allow for a smooth, non-bulky feel. The framework is supported by your natural teeth to provide a reliable, secure appliance that is easy to use. Where teeth are missing, natural-looking replacement teeth are attached to the frame, and gum-colored acrylic is used to make the appliance blend with your mouth. Again, your mouth and your needs are unique, and Dr. Yonan, Scott, Quigley, Fairbanks & Bushnell work with skilled technicians to create a solution that is comfortable and esthetic.
Price: Dentures tend to be the least costly solution for replacing missing teeth. Alternative treatment options such as dental bridges or implants are generally more expensive and require more extensive treatment. However, dental bridges and implants do offer a better fit, increased comfort, better chewing ability, and a more natural appearance. For these reasons, dentures-wearers may want to ask their dentists about these alternative treatment options. Your dentist can let you know if you are a good candidate for dentures, dental bridges, or implants, and let you know the cost of these options.
Dr. Athari's dental center has an on-site dental lab that fabricates new dentures and provides repairs and relines, often with same-day service. Being able to provide dentures in a day is a significant advantage, especially for patients who have traveled far distances to visit the practice. The on-site lab also eliminates the need to use outside commercial labs, which helps keep our fees low.
Went in and spent all day got a new upper denture and ask if it could be tighter dentist told assistance to let me get back in and get a soft liner on them so this was on sat when I called back on Monday the man that works behind the desk told me they don’t see people around 4 but he said I will ask the dr and call you back tomorrow and let you know, so I called in today on Saturday hoping to catch him in my dentures don’t line up and I cannot chew food with them and they are spots that have rub my gums sore and next week this coming Monday I will call bbb and will put a review on the internet that they will not like for business.
Support is the principle that describes how well the underlying mucosa (oral tissues, including gums) keeps the denture from moving vertically towards the arch in question during chewing, and thus being excessively depressed and moving deeper into the arch. For the mandibular arch, this function is provided primarily by the buccal shelf, a region extending laterally from the back or posterior ridges, and by the pear-shaped pad (the most posterior area of keratinized gingival formed by the scaling down of the retro-molar papilla after the extraction of the last molar tooth). Secondary support for the complete mandibular denture is provided by the alveolar ridge crest. The maxillary arch receives primary support from the horizontal hard palate and the posterior alveolar ridge crest. The larger the denture flanges (that part of the denture that extends into the vestibule), the better the stability (another parameter to assess fit of a complete denture). Long flanges beyond the functional depth of the sulcus are a common error in denture construction, often (but not always) leading to movement in function, and ulcerations (denture sore spots).
Dental implant-supported dentures have become the best treatment option for patients who are missing all or most of their teeth. The treatment boasts a high success rate, particularly when the patient makes a commitment to the maintenance of good oral health and a qualified dentist performs treatment. However, complications may occur. Here is an overview of the complications that may affect the implants, abutments, and dentures.
Getting 16 teeth pulled is about as pleasant as it sounds. I have had many teeth extracted in the past and this was by far the most unpleasant experience I have had. The most curious thing about this visit was there was NO assistant involved in the actual dental work. The dentist was working alone for the entire time. Maybe this is standard procedure at some places but it felt odd to me. The dentist was VERY rough and borderline careless during the extractions. She had to yank especially hard to remove some of the teeth at the bottom of my mouth. I immediately felt pain despite being numb.
Denture cleanser tablets are dropped into warm water to create an effervescent solution. Dentures are removed from the mouth and placed in the solution.  Soaking dentures in the cleaning solution helps kill germs that can cause odor. The amount of time dentures should be soaked—from a few minutes to overnight—depends on the manufacturer’s instructions.
Review: The thought of having my teeth pulled and receiving dentures was a very difficult decision for me, however I am more then satisfied with my dentures and the team environment at the Eugene office. Nel was always so very accommodating to my denture needs and Stacy was always helpful and joyful. If I were to give some marketing advice to your clinic I would have wanted to talk with someone who had been through the transition. In addition I have now given referrals to some potential future clients but I don’ believe that there is a way for your office to know that.
HOUMA LOUISIANA, LOUISIANA -- I had six teeth left on my top in the front they started chipping. So when a new clinic opened in my town, Affordable Dentures, I was ecstatic thinking okay I can finally get things done since it was in such a convenient location. So I made a loan for 1500.00. And went in to get my teeth extracted an immediate dentures. I was happy every one was so nice. I paid cash and never felt uncomfortable about my dealings. My dentist he seemed nice. But when I left I was not given any follow up appt. He never explained anything to me. His assistant did more than him. I figured he was just busy.
According to the Kaiser Family Foundation report, Oral Health in the US: Key Facts, 15% of the US population lives in dental Health Professional Shortage Areas. Forty percent of Americans have no dental insurance, according to US News and World Report, even though enrollment in a dental plan is the primary indicator of a patient’s ability (and likelihood) to get proper dental care.
The term oral cancer includes cancer of the mouth (oral cavity) and the back of the mouth (oropharynx). Red and white patches inside the mouth, bleeding, loose teeth, pain upon swallowing, a lump in the neck, earache, and a sore on your lip or in your mouth that won't heal are all symptoms of oral cancer. Treatment for oral cancer depends upon the staging of the disease and usually involves surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
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