Support is the principle that describes how well the underlying mucosa (oral tissues, including gums) keeps the denture from moving vertically towards the arch in question during chewing, and thus being excessively depressed and moving deeper into the arch. For the mandibular arch, this function is provided primarily by the buccal shelf, a region extending laterally from the back or posterior ridges, and by the pear-shaped pad (the most posterior area of keratinized gingival formed by the scaling down of the retro-molar papilla after the extraction of the last molar tooth). Secondary support for the complete mandibular denture is provided by the alveolar ridge crest. The maxillary arch receives primary support from the horizontal hard palate and the posterior alveolar ridge crest. The larger the denture flanges (that part of the denture that extends into the vestibule), the better the stability (another parameter to assess fit of a complete denture). Long flanges beyond the functional depth of the sulcus are a common error in denture construction, often (but not always) leading to movement in function, and ulcerations (denture sore spots).
Once the actual extractions were over they stitched my mouth up and inserted my temporary denture. Now I consider myself a very tolerant person. I was willing to look past the sales pitches, the potentially broken jaw, and the incompetent receptionists. What really set me off is when the denture itself was so poorly made that it would not even stay in my mouth. I knew something was up when the lady who inserted the denture told me that I would need to wear "a lot" of adhesive to get the denture to stay in. Despite the fact that my mouth was swollen and that my gums had not yet receded at all.
The Faculty Practice at UT Dentistry is staffed by licensed dentists who are also on faculty at the School of Dentistry. When you receive treatment by dentists from the School of Dentistry, you'll get services and expertise from seasoned professionals who also teach our future dentists. Our office has the feel of a private practice with the resources of a nationally recognized dental school.
Before we discuss the factors that will impact your buying decision, let’s first make a very important distinction: Seeking out affordable dentures prices is not the same as getting “cheap” dentures. You can get fitted by a seasoned, skilled dental professional and get quality dentures at an affordable out-of-pocket price. Affordable dentures refer to the value you get for your financial investment, and you can get well-crafted dentures that fit properly without paying thousands of dollars for them.
It takes practice to put in and take out a removable partial denture. It may feel a bit odd or tight for the first few weeks. But in time, you should get used to it. Never force the denture into place by biting down. This could bend or break the clasps or damage your teeth. If you have a problem with your new partial denture, talk with your dentist.
In addition to directing the fabrication of the denture, dentists provide information to patients on the proper care and use of the appliance.  Dentures must be cared for properly. For example, placing removable dentures in water or a denture cleanser solution, when they are not being worn, helps the denture retain its shape, remain pliable and keeps it from drying out.  Dentures should never be placed in hot water as it could cause them to warp.
On my 3rd visit back to readjust my partial...I was going to a wedding and the Dr. wanted me to come back in to make sure it fit. The girl who took care of me (short curly auburn/reddish hair said the partial could not be adjust. I told her the Dr. adjusted it last week for me. Then she said: "well, you are just going to have to learn to adjust it yourself at home in a mean, stern voice.
I want to let everyone know if yyou are looking for an honest dentist who dresses and acts professional Dr. Branan is your dentist. I went in there today for a second opinion. They took xrays and he came in and talked with me for about 20 minutes going over my dental situation. I asked him about getting dentures he said no you don't need them now. I told him about my upcoming appt this morning to re root canal my two teeth he said from what you are telling me this too th could have a fracture. I ask him to send over a letter to the endodontist about his concerns. I went to see Four Peaks Endodontics in Scottsdale. When the Dentist came in again he was dressed not like a dentist but in a pair of slacks no white coat. For what they charge is it that hard to throw on a lab coat? He walks in and says why are you here. I say because we have an appt. He says well I read the letter and if you doubt me I won't work on your teeth. I was in so much pain. I said I just wanted a second opinion he said why did you come to see me to begin with I said because I was getting a partial and my tooth was hurting he said you never said anything about a partial. This is what I have to say if a dentist is so aragant that he comes in looks at the xray tapps your tooth and said looking at the xray you need two root canals and give you five whole minutes would you want to go into the reason. I did not feel comfortable with this man. Then I told my regular dentist he said I have an infection they called his office who said we cannot give an antibiotic. So unless I made an appt He would not give me an antibiotic? All I can say is do not go to this ENDODONTIST OFFICE unless you have money to waste. This man was to much. I ended up getting the tooth pulled by my dentist and the root was fractured so his five minute appt telling me I needed to spend $3,000 to save them was not true. Thank God for Dr. Branon such a nice caring dentist..
In any case, implant-supported dentures have several advantages over conventional dentures. They offer improved comfort due to less irritation of the gums, confidence due to less risk of slipping out, and appearance due to less plastic required for retention purposes. Patients with implant-supported dentures have increased chewing efficacy and can speak more clearly.

If you’ve had a metal RPD, you know how cumbersome and heavy they can be. Dentists often see them damage remaining teeth and injure the inside of the mouth. Ultaire™ AKP partial dentures are 60% lighter than metal frames! The polymer was formulated to be lightweight as well as strong, similar to polymers used in hip implants. This creates partial dentures that are comfortable, durable and biocompatible, meaning they are safe to have in your body. Unlike metal, Ultaire™ AKP is non-toxic, non-irritating and nickel-free.

Medically, the consequences of not replacing missing teeth include unwanted and unhealthy nutritional changes. There are also potential risks of diabetes, obesity, heart disease, depression, and an increase in the likelihood of developing cancer. These are all prominent health risks that are avoidable by providing a dental structure with partial dentures or another quality tooth replacement option.


No matter your role, you will find the rewards of working with us to be, well, extremely rewarding. As the nation’s largest affiliated dental practice network of its kind, Affordable Dentures & Implants is able—and proud—to offer the array of benefits someone of your abilities deserves. So whether you’re a dentist or lab professional or part of one of our practice or business support teams, you will be supported and rewarded for what you do.
New dentures may feel awkward or uncomfortable for the first few weeks or even months. Eating and speaking with dentures might take a little practice. A bulky or loose feeling is not uncommon, while the muscles of your cheeks and tongue learn to hold your dentures in place. Excessive saliva flow, a feeling that the tongue does not have adequate room, and minor irritation or soreness are also not unusual. If you experience irritation, see your dentist.
Patients can become entirely edentulous (without teeth) for many reasons, the most prevalent being removal due to dental disease typically relating to oral flora control, i.e., periodontal disease and tooth decay. Other reasons include pregnancy, tooth developmental defects caused by severe malnutrition, genetic defects such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, trauma, or drug use.

As you may know, dentures are removable substitutes for missing teeth. Full dentures provide value when a person is missing all of their natural teeth while partial dentures replace only individual missing teeth to eliminate gaps and improve chewing. Denture treatment is customized specifically to each patient, and Dr. Yonan, Scott, Bushnell, Fairbanks & Quigley can help you decide which option works best for you.
While wearing removable dentures, patients should not chew gum or use toothpicks. In addition, patients need to be careful when eating food that is hot or hard, as well as anything with bones or shells. It may take a while to get used to chewing with dentures, so Dallas Laser Dentistry suggests patients start with softer foods that are cut into small pieces. Chewing slowly and using both sides of the mouth may also help some patients.
I went in for my finals and just like last time everyone was great everything went fast I was… I went in for my finals and just like last time everyone was great everything went fast I was treated like a queen and like I said before I highly recommend affordable dentures for dentures implants what ever they do they are awesome my smile is awesome I feel awesome I Christopher Atari and his staff from the bottom of my heart thank you thank you thank you and God bless I highly highly recommend affordable dentures sincerely Toni Barajas Read more
Hello, I hate to leave a bad review about anything but I started my "new teeth" adventure in May 2017, my husband had paid upfront for the ultimate fit package and I was 100% sure there were no teeth solid enough to leave in my mouth, but, they (Dr **) & Staff did. I feel from what was told to me by the Dr., the bottom front 6... they are absolutely not supposed to be in my mouth and after the horrible almost year of no teeth except for the rotted bottom and being told one thing yet getting the exact opposite when the appointment took place and at the end of the journey to get my permanent's on top and a very sketchy partial which had already poked a hole through the enamel on my own tooth, repeated calls and in person visit being told that I "had to wait until they fall out"..??!! REALLY?!
Dentures are just one option for replacing missing teeth; some of the others include fixed bridgework and dental implants. Each method has its particular pluses and minuses, which should be carefully considered. There are also several varieties of dentures available to address specific issues, from partial dentures to implant-supported overdentures. The best option for you will depend on your individual situation.
Retention is the principle that describes how well the denture is prevented from moving vertically in the opposite direction of insertion. The better the topographical mimicry of the intaglio (interior) surface of the denture base to the surface of the underlying mucosa, the better the retention will be (in removable partial dentures, the clasps are a major provider of retention), as surface tension, suction and friction will aid in keeping the denture base from breaking intimate contact with the mucosal surface. It is important to note that the most critical element in the retentive design of a maxillary complete denture is a complete and total border seal (complete peripheral seal) in order to achieve 'suction'. The border seal is composed of the edges of the anterior and lateral aspects and the posterior palatal seal. The posterior palatal seal design is accomplished by covering the entire hard palate and extending not beyond the soft palate and ending 1–2 mm from the vibrating line.
Multiple "attempts" to correct issues, everyone has failed. Told to do one-thing by corp. Then does what they want. Never gets any better. Only worse. I have been trying for years now to get my dentures to fit and sit properly. I have no idea why they keep fixing broken dentures time and time again. When I first transferred my account from Fresno CA to Tulsa OK for my implants that was a whole ordeal itself with one Dr not wanting to release the funds to the new office, not helping by talking to the Fresno Dr directly only through email. But eventually it was done and started all the issues.
George Washington (1732–1799) suffered from problems with his teeth throughout his life, and historians have tracked his experiences in great detail.[14] He lost his first adult tooth when he was twenty-two and had only one left by the time he became president.[15] John Adams says he lost them because he used them to crack Brazil nuts but modern historians suggest the mercury oxide, which he was given to treat illnesses such as smallpox and malaria, probably contributed to the loss. He had several sets of false teeth made, four of them by a dentist named John Greenwood. None of the sets, contrary to popular belief, was made from wood or contained any wood.[16] The set made when he became president was carved from hippopotamus and elephant ivory, held together with gold springs.[17] Prior to these, he had a set made with real human teeth,[18] likely ones he purchased from "several unnamed Negroes, presumably Mount Vernon slaves" in 1784.[19] Washington's dental problems left him in constant pain, for which he took laudanum.[20] This distress may be apparent in many of the portraits painted while he was still in office,[20] including the one still used on the $1 bill.[21][a]
In cases where teeth need to be removed, an immediate denture is typically placed to enable proper healing of the extraction sites and serve as an esthetic replacement for natural teeth. This can be easily modified for changing ridge contours during healing until final dentures can be made. In constructing the immediate dentures, dentists will use a shade and mold chart to choose replacement teeth that will most closely match your natural teeth, minimizing any changes in appearance.
anything else they could help her with they would refund her . My mother explained she couldn't t eat with bottom dentures. They sent her home with no teeth.  Very unprofessional. Elderly people need extra patience. She had arranged rides to their office several times to correct problem ( she lived 40 miles away ) . Very very unhappy with this company.

In the past, the artificial teeth that make up dentures were made out of porcelain or plastic, but more modern dentures are generally made out of a hard resin. The materials used to make denture teeth are known to be more fragile than natural teeth and can easily chip or crack if dropped or otherwise uncared for. This material also wears down much quicker than natural teeth and thus must be replaced with a new set of dentures every five years or so.
Dentures are essentially removable replacements for missing teeth. Two types of dentures are available: complete, or full, dentures and partial dentures. Patients who need to replace an entire row of teeth use full dentures. On the other hand, partial dentures, or partials, are used when only a few of the teeth need to be replaced and some of the natural teeth are still intact. At the Family Dental Group, full and partial dentures are fabricated to resemble natural teeth as closely as possible while also taking into consideration the patient’s comfort when wearing them.
Treatment for lost teeth can be hard to find even in a metropolitan city like Dallas. Denture treatment and fitting needs to be done by a clinic with the highest level of skill and professionalism, like Dallas Dentures & Implants. Because we strive for a relaxing, comfortable environment and we treat our patients with a gentle care that is personalized to each individual, it is easy to forget that we also utilize cutting edge technology and the latest in prosthetic tooth replacement procedures. Add to that our 30 years of experience in medicine and it is easy to see why we are a leader in our field.
Bridges: A bridge replaces missing teeth by placing crowns on the teeth next to the space and attaching a fake tooth to both of the crowns. Bridges are made from gold, porcelain fused to gold, all porcelain, or zirconium. Bridges can only replace about two to three missing teeth in a row, depending on the location. Since bridges are cemented in place, they are considered a "fixed, or permanent denture."

I bought a full upper denture and within months, they were way too loose. I was told by my dentist they would need relining after several months. My dentist now wants $475 to reline and fit these very thin dentures, but she never mentioned I would be charged to have these refitted. After paying $2,500 total (and unexpectedly), I was just wondering Is this the norm? Or was I just unlucky?Answer: Whenever teeth are extracted, the jawbone and gums in the areas where the teeth used to be start to shrink. This shrinkage can continue for the rest of your life, and this is part of the reason that most dentures need to be refit periodically. Because the most rapid jaw shrinkage occurs during the first six months after extractions, it would be quite normal for your dentures to be loose after six months and require relining. Because the need for this additional and continual treatment (refitting) can vary greatly from patient to patient and time to time, it is most often considered as a separate part of your treatment plan, and the time necessary to accomplish this service is billed accordingly.Response provided by the American College of Prosthodontists. Back to top
Our hope is that, regardless of your skill level when you join one of our lab teams, you will continue to grow as a dental lab professional. ADDL was founded by and is managed by dental lab technicians. What does this mean for you? Not only will you be managed by someone who has experience working in your position, you will have the opportunity to be considered for management team positions, such as on-site management and upper-management roles.
You should see your dentist 24 hours after delivery of your new dentures. It is not unusual to experience some initial discomfort. Minor adjustments can increase comfort and eliminate problems before they become more serious. Initially, a new denture may feel unusual in the mouth. The cheeks, lips, and tongue are very sensitive areas that require time to adjust. It is not uncommon to bite one’s cheek or tongue while acclimating to the new restoration. However, persistent soreness or irritation should be reported to your dentist.
Getting dentures can take several appointments over the course of a few weeks. The dentist will take impressions of your jaw and take measurements to help create a try-on model. It may take several try-on models before the correct fit, shape, and color and perfected. Finally, the dentures will be made and fitted. Dr. Swift or Dr. Myers will make any minor adjustments to help the patient feel more comfortable with their new dentures.
If you do not have much money and you need dental care or extractions and a full denture you can try calling Missions od Mercy and go to one of their free clinics...Many states are now doing the LARELL One Step Denture for the clinic patients...You can have teeth removed and after that get a free LARELL Denture if Missions of Mercy has the denture clinic... Just takes an hour and you leave with brand new great looking dentures. You can call and see if they offer the Larell clinic for dentures... I got mine in Sacramento Ca last year and they are really great.
My wife started her denture procedure at the Bethany Home office. On November 14th she had three implants installed. Had an appoint to get the stiches out in 3 weeks. Got a call the day before our appointment and they cancelled because they did not have  doctor. Since starting in June we have been thru three doctors. There is currently no doctor at that office. When I called there corporate office they referred me to the Sun City Office. Sun City gave an appointment for Wednesday at 11 and called back within the hour to cancel and said they were not taking Bethany Home patients till after the 1st of the year. Adele at corporate worked hard to get us set up with the Mesa office. Said they would call within the hour and they did. Darb called (supper nice lady) and gave us an appoint for the very next day. When we got to the office all of the people were amazing. They made us feel very welcomed and we are excited about having them finish the procedure. I recommend Affordable Dentures. Save yourself the time and go right to the Mesa office.
Conventional full dentures are used to replace a full set of teeth either on the upper or lower jaw. When all of the patient’s natural teeth have been removed and the gum tissues have healed, conventional full dentures may be placed in the mouth. In between, the patient may be fitted with an immediate denture that can be inserted on the same day the teeth are extracted. Using immediate full dentures is beneficial for the patient because this means that he does not have to go without teeth for a certain period. Readjustment of the dentures will have to be made after several months because the supporting bone will reshape as it heals and this will cause the denture to loosen.

A denturist or prosthodontist should be able to fit you with comfortable and affordable dentures to match your needs and budget. Prosthodontists receive three to four years of additional training after dental school, and specialize in cosmetic restoration and teeth replacement. Denturists, meanwhile, can take impressions of oral tissue, construct prosthetics and deliver them to patients.

"Terrel Myers is without doubt one of the best dentists - anywhere! He is friendly and compassionate but most of all he is extremely knowledgeable and experienced as a dentist. He doesn't automatically take the easiest (sometimes more convenient and expensive route) that others tend to do (in my experience elsewhere) but instead - if at all possible, will give you suggestions and options on remedying a problem. This guy knows what he's doing and does it well. I highly recommend him for anything from the simplest problem to the most complex."
Getting dentures can take several appointments over the course of a few weeks. The dentist will take impressions of your jaw and take measurements to help create a try-on model. It may take several try-on models before the correct fit, shape, and color and perfected. Finally, the dentures will be made and fitted. Dr. Swift or Dr. Myers will make any minor adjustments to help the patient feel more comfortable with their new dentures.
This was one of the best and most helpful Dentists that I have been to in my life. I came in for a free x-ray and consultation appointment only with hopes of getting work done soon. Unfortunately I developed an abscess the day before my appointment. Well when I got there (Moyock, NC) they noticed I was in pain and decided I needed help ASAP so after the xray they offered to take care of the abscess and tooth! They worked very quickly and gave me a denture, all for a really awesome price. Highly recommended to anyone in need of any extraction or denture.

Implant-supported dentures do not require the use of sticky, messy, foul-tasting dental adhesives. Patients can finally stop buying these products and no longer have to spend time trying to keep their dentures in place. Instead, patients can focus on caring for their dentures in the same manner that they would care for real teeth; patients should brush twice a day, floss daily, and visit the dentist every six months.
Extractions were the main cost saver ($30 each) but you have to pay for the dentures first ($500). Don't think they would have accepted me if I only wanted extractions. TOOK 5 MONTHS and 6 or 7 visits to get these "immediate" dentures. Look good out of my mouth but when I smile u see all the bottom teeth and hardly any top ones. LOTS of overbite make biting PB&J sandwich impossible.
Implant technology can vastly improve the patient's denture-wearing experience by increasing stability and preventing bone from wearing away. Implants can also aid retention. Instead of merely placing the implants to serve as blocking mechanism against the denture's pushing on the alveolar bone, small retentive appliances can be attached to the implants that can then snap into a modified denture base to allow for tremendously increased retention. Available options include a metal "Hader bar" or precision balls attachments.
It takes practice to put in and take out a removable partial denture. It may feel a bit odd or tight for the first few weeks. But in time, you should get used to it. Never force the denture into place by biting down. This could bend or break the clasps or damage your teeth. If you have a problem with your new partial denture, talk with your dentist.
After six months you receive the final denture, which locks into place, making it a long-lasting smile solution that will restore not just your smile, but a higher quality of life. From there, you’ll worry no more about smiling, eating or speaking, meaning you can focus on simply maintaining good oral hygiene to ensure the dentures last for many years to come.
Recently, I have been breaking and losing my teeth. I had partials, but I have never had dentures, and my husband is encouraging me to finally get them. What is the cost if I have no insurance, and how long does it take for the teeth to be removed and replaced with dentures?Answer: Denture fees vary widely based on location. The best way to determine fees for service is to visit with your dentist or prosthodontist and discuss the care you may need. You may also contact your state or local dental society to find out if the organization has any resources for the public related to the cost of dental services. You may want to seek the care of a prosthodontist, a dentist with three years of training beyond dental school who specializes in the care and maintenance of dentures. To locate a prosthodontist near you, visit www.gotoapro.org. Temporary dentures can be placed the same day as your teeth are removed. Remember that once the teeth are gone, the jaws begin to shrink. Although this shrinkage is dramatic for the first six months and then slows down, you must remember that it is an ongoing, long-term concern for denture wearers and affects the fit of the dentures during the years. Temporary dentures will help your mouth look normal, but after wearing the temporary dentures for six months, they will need to be remade or relined. It is important that you continue to have the fit of your dentures evaluated on a regular basis and remade as needed to maintain their function and appearance.Response provided by the American College of Prosthodontists. Back to top
It was our impression from viewing the video that this technique is very dependent on the dentist's skill in performing the needed steps (more so than with conventional construction, primarily due to time constraints needed to accomplish certain steps, and accomplish them the first time, properly, before the denture materials set). So in that regard, likely the dentist who fabricated your mother's denture is due as much credit as the system itself.
The reason the cost for either "new" (conventional, non-immediate) or "replacement" full dentures is the same is that for the most part all of the steps that the dentist must take, and the number of appointments needed, are essentially the same in both cases. Also, all of the costs they encounter (like the price they pay a dental laboratory to fabricate the appliance) are the same too.

The safe, healthy choice is to not sleep with your partial denture in place. Sleeping with partial dentures is not recommended for a number of reasons. Partial dentures are designed to be cleaned outside the mouth – which also provides the opportunity to ensure no food particles are lodged under or around the partial. Proper oral care and keeping you partial denture clean is vital for the overall health of your gums. From a physical standpoint, your gums will benefit from the opportunity to rest and recover. Also, some patients may clench their teeth in their sleep. This pressure can cause damage to both natural teeth as well as dentures.
Hypochlorite cleansers have a disinfectant action and they remove non-viable organisms and other deposits from the surface, but they are not very good at eliminating calculus from the denture surface. Immersing dentures in a hypochlorite solution for more than 6 hours occasionally will eliminate plaque and heavy staining of the denture. Furthermore, as microbial invasion is prevented, the deterioration of the soft lining material does not occur.[32] Although, corrosion of cobalt chromium has occurred when hypochlorite cleansers have been used and they may also result in the fading of the acrylic and silicone lining, but the softness or elastically of the linings are not greatly changed.[35]
However, like anything, there is a downside. Implant dentures tend to be fairly expensive. A cost of $15,000 to $30,000 for complete upper and lower implant dentures is not uncommon. Most dental insurance plans do not cover the total cost of implant dentures. Possible rejection of the implanted abutment can happen. If there is not enough bone, bone grafting may be required. Minimally invasive surgery may also be required. Treatment time can vary from three to six months.
When you lose a tooth, the nearby teeth may tilt or drift into the empty space. The teeth in the other jaw may also shift up or down toward the space. This can affect your bite and place more stress on your teeth and jaws. You may find it harder to clean teeth that have shifted, which can lead to tooth decay and gum disease. That is why it is important to replace missing teeth.
One of the major treatments for dealing with missing teeth has always been dentures. Known by its less flattering name ‘false teeth’, there is a certain stigma that has unfairly dogged the use of dentures. This is mainly because old dentures are known to be wobbly, ill-fitting and artificial looking. However, thanks to advancements in modern dentistry, today’s dentures no longer conjure images of fake-looking choppers.
The Premium Denture is very high in natural appearance. It features enhanced natural appeal, wear and stain resistance, with detailed customization. As with the UltimateFit and EconomyPlus Dentures, the Premium’s extra-high density teeth are first set in wax for you to try in. Changes may be made at that time. After you have approved the look of your Premium Denture, the lab will custom finish your denture in the permanent acrylic base material. This additional customization results in a more natural look.
The low-end cost for a full-mouth restoration is about $11,000, a reasonable financial investment compared to a mouthful of single implants (which could run $160,000). A dental practice representing that they can provide a complete-mouth restoration starting at $1,000 is certainly being disingenuous and deceptive. At a minimum, such a procedure requires at least 4 implants and would “start” at a figure closer to $9,000, although probably much higher when considering extractions and prosthetic costs.
Whether you've lost one tooth or many, chewing and smiling can become more difficult because of the gaps left behind. Partial dentures are an economical solution to replace the missing teeth and fill in the spaces, improving chewing ability and the confidence to smile. A partial denture in place will also help keep your natural teeth from shifting, lowering the risk of losing those teeth in the future.

well it's been over a year now. and iam still a very happy smiling!! patient of dr. atari. affordable dentures & implants. i have refferd several people. each person that has gone can't thank aaffordable dentures/implants or dr .atari and the wonderful staff !!!enough. and me too. for recommending , referring ,them. the best and great for your wallet as well..should be 10 stars !and the ladys at the front are also 10 stars! without them what would they do ? we do ???? thank you again. so much for my beautiful beautiful smile and giving me the ability to smile big and beautiful again.. sincerely toni barajas.


A number of vital tasks carried out during sleep help maintain good health and enable people to function at their best. Sleep needs vary from individual to individual and change throughout your life. The National Institutes of Health recommend about 7-9 hours of sleep each night for older, school-aged children, teens, and most average adults; 10-12 for preschool-aged children; and 16-18 hours for newborns. There are two stages of sleep; 1) REM sleep (rapid-eye movement), and 2) NREM sleep (non-rapid-eye movement). The side effects of lack of sleep or insomnia include:

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